Internal combustion engine



Jan. 31, 1933.

M. JANNIN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed Oct. 30, 19so 2 Sheets-Sheet1 l end-thrust losses and yielding more perfectly Patented Jan. 31,

' UNITED *STATES P TENT 0mm immanent .mnmrnor unonoiv, rmncr.

mrnmfmr. coirBUs'rIoN interim Application filed October 30, 1980, SerialNo. 492,180, and in France November 5, 1929.

The present inventionrelates to internal combustion engines of the socalled barrel One of the objects of the invention is to eliminate thelosses of power due to endthrust. a

Another object is to provide a special endto-end assembly of two' motorseliminating balanced effects.

An additional object is to provide an improved universal connectionbetween the pistons and the elements driven thereby. Further. objectswill appear in the course of the detailed description now to be 'venwith reference to the accompanying rawings, in which Fig. 1 is an axialsection through one illustrative embodiment of the invention;

*Fig. 2 represents the same motor in sectional perspective; t V

Fig. 3 illustrates the transmission of the various forces and couplesfrom the pistons to the crank-shaft;

Fig. 4 shows, insection, a special end-toend motor assembly.

Referring to Fig. 1 of the drawings, there is shown a seven cylinder,et-cycle, air-cooled, engine consisting of the following elements: acrank-shaft I of the Z-type and including an inclined portion 11; a pairof fixed casings 2 and 3 supporting the crank-shaft and pis supported oncasing 3 and provided with cooling fins 5; a plurality of pistons 6mounted to reci rocate in cylinders 4 and terminating in sp ericalrecesses atone end; a pair of spaced spherical segments 8 in frictionalV contact with said spherical recesses; a flange ton assemblies; aplurality of cylinders 4:

I 14 integral with casing 3, bearings 14 being positionedso that thecorresponding axis of plIlS 13 supported therein pass through point 15where the axis of the horizontal and in-'. clined ortion 11.0fcrank-shaft 1 intersect; 5

a spar -plug'16 mounted in the'head of a combustion. chamber fitted withintake and exhaust valves'17 and 18; a drum 19 provided with camsurfaces 20 and 21 controlllng valves 17 and 18; a speed'reducing train22, f 23, 24, 25 driven from the crank-shaft; and

a counter-weight 26 attached to the latter.

The hereinabove described assembly functions as follows: assuming that arotary movement beimparted by an external source to crank-shaft 1,inclined portion 11 will' move bearing 10, through a circular path; but,since shell 9 is prevented {from turning by universal assembly. 12, 13,114, said shell will oscillate about, point 15 and points along thecircumference of flange 7 will describe reciprocating movements whichwill be trans- .m'ittedto pistons 6. v However, if pistons 6 bereciprocated in properly timed relation, their movement will betransformed, by an inverse -mechanism, into a rotary movement ofcrank-shaft 1. The timing of successive explosions may be eflected'byassembly 19,. 20, 21 in a manner which will at once be evident to thoseskilled in the art.

The detailed mechanism of transmission of power from the pistons to thecrank-shaft is shown in Fig. 3. Pistons 6 are forced to the left underpressure P of the gases in the combustion chamber and react on flange 7in a direction normal thereto. F the pistons reacting on the cylindersin direction f. Flange 7 thereupon tends to move to the left and turnabout point 15 in a'counterclockwise direction. "Ring 12 will act to re-.vent displacement of the flange to the eft,

thus submitting casing 3 to the action of forces F and F which willbalance the pres sure F exerted by the explosion on the cylinder head.The tendency of flange 7 to ro- .ta'te about point 15 will, at the sametime,

give rise to a thrust F exerted by bearing 10 on inclined portion 11 ofthe crank-shaft and tend to rotate the latter. It is to be noted thatthe thrust exerted by hearing 10 is end thrust. This motor is of thetwo-cycle,

' casings 36 supporting the ends of the crankwater-cooled type andconsists of the following structures: a plurality of cylinders 28positioned around the crank-shaft and supported in a block 29 providedwith a waterjacket- 30; an intake conduit 31; an exhaust conduit 32;openings 33 for the fuel injectors, a double-Z crank-shaft 34 supportedon block 29 by a central bearing 35 and including oppositely inclinedportions 38 and 39; endshaft; pairs of bearings 40 corresponding toelements 10 (Fig. 1) and integral with corresponding conical shells;flanges or inclined plates 48 rigidly attached to the conical shellsrings 41, similar to elements 12, universally mounted between bearings43 forming part of block 29 and bearings (not shown) corresponding tosplit-bearings 27 (Fig. 2) integral with'the conical shells, the innerpairs of the latter being provided with recesses 42, to permit movementof said shells relative to bearings 43; and spherical segments 44servingto support inclined plates 48 and fitting into correspondingrecesses formed in the ends of opposed pairs of pistons 45.

Pistons 45a're mounted so that at the extremity of their course theyuncover ports 32 and 31 communicating with the exhaust and intakemanifolds respective l I This form of apparatus fiinctions exactly asdoes the one shown in Figs. 1 to 3, the reciprocating movement of thepistons causing plates 48to oscillate about points 49 and 50. When thepistons reach the end of their course, ports 46 will be discovered andthe burnt gases will be driven thereinto by the air entering under lowpressure through ports 47. The scavenging air may be furnished by acompressor driven by the motor itself or by an auxiliary source ofpower. This type of motor is,not only .perfectlyebalanced but,in view ofthe mounting of the pistons in opposed pairs inside a single cylinder,the scavenging of burnt gases may be more com pletly effected.

Since, as already indicated, machines of this type are reversible, it isquite obvious that by coupling the crank-shaft to a source of power,compressing, pumping or evacuating effects may be produced by pistonsmounted either as shown in Figs. 1 to 3 or as in Fig. 4.

In the claims that follow, the term shell is used generically toindicate integral assembly-7, 9, 10 in Fi 1 and a composite assembly ofthe type o 40, 40, 48 in Fig. 4.

I What I claim is 1. In combination, a crank-shaft including a pair ofaligned portions coinciding ed to present a transverse section to planesat right angles to the axis of rotation of the crank-shaft, pistonsmounted to reciprocate in said cylinders, a shell havinga bearingsurface positioned to react on the inclined portion of the crank-shaft,said shell universally connected to said casing and including a flangedperipheral portion, and spherically shaped means positioned to coactwith said flanged peripheral portion and with one end of said pistons. i

2. In combination, a crank-shaft including a plurality of alignedportions lying along the axis of rotation thereof and a pair of inclinedportions intercalated between aligned portions, said inclined portionssloping in opposite directions, a fixed casing assembly including aplurality of cylinders positioned to present transverse sections toplanes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the crank-shaft, pairsof opposed pistons mounted to reciprocate in opposite aligneddirections, in said cylinders, a pair of shells each having a bearingsurface positioned to react on one of the inclined portions of saidcrank-shaft, said shells belng universallyconnected to said casing, andmeans connecting said shells with said pistons.

3. In combination, a crank-shaft including a pair of aligned portionscoinciding with the axis of rotation thereof and an inclined ex tendingportion positioned between said aligned portions, a fixed casingassembly in cluding'a plurality of cylinders mounted to present atransverse section to planesat right angles to the axis of rotationofthe crankshaft, pistons mounted to reciprocate in said cylinder, a shellhaving two bea ing surfaces positioned to react respectivel on differentportions of said inclined portion of the crank-shaft, said shell beingunlversally connected to said casing by arms mounted substantially inline with the effort being trans,

mitted, and means connecting said shell said plstons.

4. In combination, a crank-shaft including a pair of al gnedportions'lying along the axls of rotation thereof and aninclined'extending. portion positioned between aligned portions, saidinclined portion being symmetrically disposed relatively to thepoint ofthe crank-shaft, pistons mounted to recipwhere its own axis cuts theaxis of rotation bearing surfaces positioned to react 'respec tivel oneach extremities of said inclined portion of the'crank-shaft, said shellbeing universally connected to said casing by arms mounted substantiallyin line with the effort being transmitted, and means connecting saidshell with said pistons.

5. In combination, crank-shaft including a pairs of aligned portionsmounted along the axis of rotation thereof and a pair of oppositelyinclined portions positioned between said aligned portions. saidinclined ortions sloping in opposite directions, a fixe casing includinga plurality of cylinders positioned to presenttransverse sections tolanes perpendicular to the axis of rotation o the crankshaft, saidcylinders being positioned to limit a chamber, pairs of opposed pistonsmounted to reciprocate in said cylinders, a pair of shells each having apair of bearing surfaces supported on the inclined portions of saidcrank-shaft, these of said bearings adjacent to the central portionofsaidcrank-shaft being mounted inside the chamber limited by 'saidcylinders, means connecting said shells universally to said casing, andmeans connecting said shells to said pistons.

6. In combination, a crank-shaft including pairs of aligned portionsmounted along the axis of rotation thereof and a pair of oppositelyinclined portions positioned between airs of said aligned portion, afixed casing lncluding a plurality of cylinders and a chamberinteriorly, said, cylinders being positioned to present transversesections to planes perpendicular to the axis of rotation of thecrank-shaft, pairs of opposed pistons mounted to reciprocate in saidcylinders, a

pair of shells each having a pair of bearing surfaces contacting withthe inclined portion of said crank-shaft, these of said bearingsadjacent to the central portion of said crankshaft being mounted insidesaid chamber,

40 means universally connecting said shells to said chamber andincluding arms positioned substantially in line with the effortstransmitted, and means connecting said shells to said pistons. 7 Intestimony whereof I'afiix m signature.

MARCEL .ANNIN.

